TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
OS notes | (rh) = Red Hat, Mandrake, SUSE,... (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... (fed) = Fedora (gen) = Gentoo (md) = Mandrake/Mandriva (SUSE) = SUSE | OS notes |
administrative GUI | (rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-config*
(rh) redhat-config* linuxconf (obsolete)
(SUSE) yast2 (deb) dpkg-reconfigure (md) drakconf | administrative GUI |
managing users | useradd
usermod
userdel
adduser
chage
getent | managing users |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
list hardware configuration | arch
uname
dmesg (if you're lucky)
cat /var/log/dmesg
/proc/*
lshw
dmidecode
lspci
lspnp
lsscsi
lsusb
lsmod
(SUSE) hwinfo
/sys/devices/* | list hardware configuration |
unique id useful for licensing | /sbin/ifconfig eth0 | unique id useful for licensing |
show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values | /dev/nvram (if you have it)
hwclock
nvsetenv | show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values |
add device without reboot | udev (2.6+)
udevtrigger
modprobe
kerneld
insmod
hotplug
cardctl | add device without reboot |
remove device | ? | remove device |
tape device | /dev/st0 | tape device |
stdin/ stdout/ stderr | /dev/fd/[012] | stdin/ stdout/ stderr |
X kvm config | xorgcfg
xorgconfig
Xorg -configure
system-config-display
xf86config
XFree86 -configure
redhat-config-xfree86
/etc/X11/?dm | X kvm config |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
read a disk label | fdisk -l | read a disk label |
whole disk in partition | /dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1
is a partition) | whole disk in partition |
label a disk | cfdisk
fdisk
gdisk
e2label | label a disk |
partition a disk | parted (if you have it)cfdisk
fdisk
gdisk
pdisk (on a MAC) (deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC) (md) diskdrake | partition a disk |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
kernel | /boot/vmlinuz*
/boot/bootlx
(see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) | kernel |
show/set kernel parameters | /proc/*
/proc/sys/*
sysctl
/etc/sysctl.conf | show/set kernel parameters |
limit physical memory | mem= (in lilo.conf or /boot/grub/grub.conf) | limit physical memory |
loaded kernel modules | lsmod | loaded kernel modules |
load module | modprobe
insmod | load module |
unload module | rmmod
modprobe -r | unload module |
make disk bootable | (rh) mkbootdisk
(deb) fdisk -A
(and lilo to manipulate mbr) | make disk bootable |
startup scripts | /etc/rc* (but may vary)
/etc/init.d/
chkconfig
service | startup scripts |
start/ stop/ config services | (rh) service
(rh) chkconfig
(deb) sysv-rc-conf | start/ stop/ config services |
shutdown (& power off if possible) | shutdown -Ph now
shutdown -y -g0 -i0
halt
poweroff | shutdown (& power off if possible) |
run levels 1 *=normal states for more detail see
www.phildev.net/runlevels.html | (set in /etc/inittab)
0: halt
s,S,1: vendor-dependent
1: single-user
2-5*: multiuser
6: reboot | run levels 1 *=normal statesfor more detail see
www.phildev.net/runlevels.html |
show runlevel 1 | /sbin/runlevel | show runlevel 1 |
time zone info | /usr/share/zoneinfo/
/etc/localtime | time zone info |
check swap space | swapon -s
cat /proc/meminfo
cat /proc/swaps
free | check swap space |
core dump management | /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
/proc/pid/coredump_filter | core dump management |
bind process to CPU | taskset (sched-utils) | bind process to CPU |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
"normal" filesystem | ext2
ext3
ReiserFS | "normal" filesystem |
volume-based filesystem | LVM, LVM2
EVMS
VxVM ($) | volume-based filesystem |
file system description | /etc/fstab | file system description |
volume manipulation | e2fsadm
lvcreate
lvremove
lvextend
vgdisplay | volume manipulation |
create filesystem | mke2fs
mkreiserfs
mkdosfs
mkfs.* | create filesystem |
file system debugging and recovery | fsck
debugfs
e2undel | file system debugging and recovery |
create non-0-length empty file | fallocate
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename
bs=1024k count=desired | create non-0-length empty file |
convert DOS-format text to Unix format | dos2unix | convert DOS-format text to Unix format |
mount CDROM | mount /mnt/cdrom
(deb) mount /cdrom | mount CDROM |
eject CDROM | eject | eject CDROM |
create/mount ISO image | mkisofs
mount -o loop pathToIso mountPoint | create/mount ISO image |
ACL management | getfacl
setfacl | ACL management |
Fibre Channel / SAN | systool
multipath | Fibre Channel / SAN |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
NFS share definitions | /etc/exports | NFS share definitions |
NFS share command | /etc/init.d/nfs-server reload (rh) exportfs -a | NFS share command |
NFS information | cat /proc/mounts | NFS information |
name resolution order | /etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/resolv.conf | name resolution order |
show network interface info | ifconfig
ethtool | show network interface info |
change IP | ifconfig (rh) redhat-config-network
(fedora) system-config-network
(rh) edit: /etc/hosts,
/etc/sysconfig/network,
/etc/sysconfig/
network-scripts/
ifcfg-eth0
(deb) edit
/etc/network/interfaces;
/etc/init.d/networking
restart | change IP |
start DHCP client | dhcpcd
dhclient | start DHCP client |
ping one packet | ping -c 1 hostname | ping one packet |
sniff network | etherfind
tcpdump
wireshark (formerly ethereal)
etherape | sniff network |
route definitions | route (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network
(rh) /etc/sysconfig/static-routes
(deb) /etc/init.d/network
(deb) /etc/network | route definitions |
telnetd, ftpd banner | /etc/issue.net (telnet) (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers) | telnetd, ftpd banner |
set date/time(from net: ntp or other) | ntpdate
rdate
netdate | set date/time(from net: ntp or other) |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
auditing | (2.6+) auditd
/var/log/faillog | auditing |
encrypted passwords in | /etc/shadow (may vary) | encrypted passwords in |
min password length | /etc/pam.d/system-auth | min password length |
allow/deny root logins | /etc/securetty | allow/deny root logins |
firewall config | iptables
ipchains
ipfwadm
(rh) redhat-config-
securitylevel | firewall config |
TASK \ OS | Linux | OS / TASK |
show installed software | (rh) rpm -a -i
(rh) rpm -qa
(rh) yum list installed
(deb) dselect
(deb) aptitude
(deb) dpkg -l
(gen) ls /var/db/pkg/*
(gen) eix -I | show installed software |
file is in which package | (deb) dpkg --search file
(deb) apt-file update && apt-file search file
(rh) rpm -qif file (gen) equery b file (gen) qfile file | file is in which package |
add software | (rh) rpm -hiv
(rh) yum install pkg
(deb) dselect
(deb) apt-get install pkg
(deb) dpkg -i
(md) urpmi | add software |
precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware | www.linux.org
linux.tucows.com
sourceforge.net
rpmfind.net
(deb) ftp.debian.org
(deb) packages.debian.org
(gen)packages.gentoo.org3
(gen)gentoo-portage.com3
(md)easyurpmi.zarb.org | precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware |
C compiler | cc
gcc | C compiler |
show patch level and/or patches | (rh) rpm -q
(rh) cat /proc/version
(rh) cat /etc/redhat-release
(deb) dpkg -s | show patch level and/or patches |
patch tool | apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
(rh) up2date
(rh) yum update
(md) urpmi | patch tool |
configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html | ldconfig
ldd
lsmod | configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html |
link library path | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
/etc/ld.so.conf | link library path |
tracing utility | strace
ltrace | tracing utility |
define user defaults | /etc/profile
/etc/security/
/etc/skel/
/etc/profile.d/* | define user defaults |
csh global .login | /etc/csh.login | csh global .login |
default syslog and messages | /var/log/syslog
/var/log/messages
/usr/adm/messages
/var/log/maillog | default syslog and messages |
system error reporting tool | dmesg
(deb) reportbug | system error reporting tool |
performance monitoring | vmstat
procinfo -D
top
htop
pstree | performance monitoring |
match process to file or port | lsof
netstat -atup | match process to file or port |
manage various logs | logrotate (rh)sysreport; sosreport | manage various logs |
X pop-up | /usr/X11R6/bin/xmessage | X pop-up |
Wikipedia | Linux | Wikipedia |
FAQs (see also faqs.org) | www.linuxdoc.org/ FAQ/Linux-FAQ
www.debian.org/doc/ FAQ | FAQs (see also faqs.org) |
blogs | linuxmoz.com | blogs |
mailing list | www.linumanagers .org
www.linux.org/ help/lists.html | mailing list |
mailing list archives | www.linuxmanagers.org/ pipermail/linuxmanagers
lists.debian.org | mailing list archives |
man pages
www.freebsd.org/ cgi/man.cgi | www.linuxmanpages.com/
Fedora Core 4:
linuxcommand.org/ superman_pages.php
www.tldp.org/docs.html#man | man pages
www.freebsd.org/ cgi/man.cgi |
newsgroup(s) and forums groups.google | comp.os.linux.* (esp .answers) | newsgroup(s) and forums
groups.google |
user groups | www.debianhelp.org | user groups |
magazines | www.linuxjournal.com
www.linux-mag.com
www.debianplanet.org | magazines |
vendor home page | www.linux.org
www.debian.org gentoo.orgwww.redhat.com
(SUSE) www.novell.com/linux | vendor home page |
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) | tldp.org
www.linuxdoc.org/
rpmfind.net/linux/RPM | vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) |
vendor phone (US) | ? | vendor phone (US) |
wikis | fedoraproject.org/ wiki/Main_Page (fed)
susewiki.org (SUSE) | wikis |
TASK / OS | Linux | OS \ TASK |